Mescaline Synthesis With Nitromethane. 1000g Scale.

mycelium

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Rabidreject

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Wow this a super useful paper. Thanks a lot for this link…
 

Rabidreject

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That’s strange - did they say they did p2np in a matter of minutes? I’ve been playing with this recently and everytime I just went by colour as a que to add the catalyst I got a really crap yield but when I left it for hours before addding the catalyst the yield was good.
Do you think they are chilling the reaction at first and then bringing up to 80c or are they doing it all at 80c?
 

mycelium

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I didn't see anything other than the 80c temp. I just re-read it really fast...
There is this, tho....

The application of mild heating is crucial to reach full conversion of the starting materials in the times indicated in Table 1. However, conversion to the desired products is also achievable at room temperature over 18 hour stirring with minor yield loss. Increasing the heating temperature up to 110 °C does not lead to increased product yields

And as far as times go....

Furthermore, studies to identify the highest yielding reaction times (reaction stopped at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes) revealed that longer stirring when heating is applied is not beneficial.

The screenshot here shows how long it took to do each of the substances.
 

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Rabidreject

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Yes I did seee this and wondered why he managed to reduce p2np (example 1 in the timings in like 10mins. I am guessing he is doing it all at 80c because I ran this exact reaction a couple of times last week and the first time I used an ice bath, did the addition of p2np over an hour then left it for another 3h in the ice bath, addded the catalyst all at once, heated to 80c for 30mins - yield was great 76% or something.
Then I ran it again a day or so later and I only went by the que of the colour of the RM. Added everything over an hour, then left it one hour (yellow had gone and was white), added the catalyst and heated. Yield was TERRIBLE. I didn’t work out % yield but I ended up with like 1.5-2g of r-amphetamine -from a 10g reduction!

Either way - probably the most relevant and interesting paper I have ever read tbh. A lot of time they are way above my head and only slightly relevant. This was bang on!
 

Rabidreject

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I do always tend to reduce with borohydride to be honest.
I did my first Al/Hg amalgam the other day though - it’s weird at first before all the foil dissolved, it seems like there is not enough liquid but then it all comes together 🤷‍♂️

Didn’t like handling murcury though if im
Honest!
 

Swirly

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Yes, the NaBH4 + CuCl2 works very well for 2,5-TMNS, 3,4,5-DMNS. I will post a method on silica gel once I get to it hopefully soon. For bulk scale reductions 200g+. For small scales just run this reaction the regular way. Repeat for the hundredth time! Absolutely no need for LiAH, RED-Al or mercury or anything toxic, exotic anymore.
 

mycelium

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Fuck yeah, thanks y'all! I'm excited!
 

Rabidreject

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Yeah it is great!

I am working on TMA at the moment with the intention of resolving enantiomers and bioassaying.
I have a feeling it might be interesting. I actually also have a couple ideas for novel psychedelic molecules that I am pushing on with as well. I keep seeing gaps in what has been done, so why not…
 

mycelium

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I'm (obviously) not a chemist, but I've read a lot.

And don't want to fuck with Hg, either.

Or LAH.

Thanks, guys, for showing me that can avoid all that shit. And made me research more!!!
 

mycelium

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I have a question.
Is the amounts of NaBH4 and cucl2 used related to the molar amount of the nitrostyrene?
I have seen lots of synths call for LAH but people say you can use NaBH4/cucl2 in place of LAH... Is this a molar or multiple-molar amount that is used?
I want to be able to figure stuff out without asking people
 

Rabidreject

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Yeah - good question.
I used (I think) a 14 molar excess of NaBh4 to the nitrostyrene. (So 14x more than is equal)
People use a huge excess to push the reaction along

So you pour a 2:1 isopropyl: water mix into an ice bath, add all your borohydride, start adding the nitrostyrene/nitropropene in portions every 10 mins or so (I usually do about 10g over an hour), then leave it to react in the ice bath for like 3h or for nitrostyrene’s until all the colour has totally gone and it’s a white milkshake, then you mix your CuCl2 catalyst - or some people use the sulfate. Iv always used chloride and I use I think around a 7% molar equivalent (relative to the nitrostyrene - so 0.7 molar eq). I always dilute it in a small amount of water and spurt it in at once with a pippette. It’ll froth up to double size for a sec but I use an oversized flak to accommodate this.
Then you wack a reflux condenser on if you can and heat to 80c for about 30 mins. You will know when it’s done to be honest, just let the reaction guide you when it’s at 80c. After you add the copper It will instantly go black and you will see these black copper chunks floating around. This is good so keep strong stirring.
At the end more times than not, it splits and you will see the stirring is mixing up two layers. This is when it’s done.

Separate the layers, wash the aqueous with fresh anhydrous IPA, split again and pool extracts.
Dry over MgSO4, remove solvent, add acetone and salt. Boom
 
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