Solubility:
-Amphetamine hydrochloride has relatively weak solubility in water and alcohol and is easy to crystallize; its sulfate is almost insoluble in ethanol and isopropyl alcohol and will still precipitate even if boiled.
-The solubility of methamphetamine hydrochloride in water and alcohol is very large, obviously much greater than that of amphetamine. Especially in water, it is difficult to crystallize. When the concentration of the solution is very high, it will appear syrupy and viscous; its sulfate will dissolve in ethanol. It has high solubility like amphetamine sulfate and cannot be directly precipitated as a solid by dropping 98% sulfuric acid into methamphetamine petroleum ether or alcohol solution. This operation of methamphetamine will produce a syrupy consistency layered.
-Whether it is amphetamine or methamphetamine, its salts are almost insoluble in alkane substances such as petroleum ether. However, for methamphetamine salts, the prerequisite for maintaining precipitation in petroleum ether is complete anhydrous dryness. If it contains moisture, the situation will completely change.
-Amphetamine hydrochloride and methamphetamine hydrochloride have certain solubility in dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran.
Moisture content and drying method:
-Although amphetamine and methamphetamine appear to be separated from water, they actually still contain a large amount of water. Desiccant cannot be used to directly dry the methamphetamine oil separated from water, otherwise a large amount of desiccant will be required and serious operations will occur. Trouble and loss of yield because you will find that after you put in a lot of desiccant, the desiccant is still clumping. It is necessary to mix 10 times the volume of petroleum ether into amphetamine or methamphetamine to precipitate most of the water. According to visual inspection, only 200g of methamphetamine can precipitate 20~30ml of water. Use a small amount of desiccant after separation with a separatory funnel. The petroleum ether solution can be completely dried.
Incompatible materials:
-Whether it is amphetamine or methamphetamine, it is a stupid idea to use ethyl acetate or methylene chloride for dissolution, extraction, cleaning, etc. They will react with the amine and cause significant damage, even if the results are not irreversibly bad. , will also seriously affect the purity and flavor. This applies to all amine compounds. Amine does not interact with hydrocarbons such as petroleum ether, benzene, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and ether. Past experiments seem to show that amphetamine and methamphetamine have signs of reaction with tetrahydrofuran.
Stability:
-Amphetamine salts and methamphetamine salts are very stable in the air and almost do not deteriorate. However, amines that do not form salts are easily oxidized in the air and need to be stored with protective gas.
Liquid Chromatography:
The liquid chromatography of amphetamine and methamphetamine has better separation when using 100% tetrahydrofuran as the mobile phase. The Rf value is as follows:
-Amphetamine RF:0.4329
-Methamphetamine RF:0.6137~0.6274
Left Amphetamine Right Methamphetamine
When 100% ethanol or 100% isopropyl alcohol is used as the mobile phase, the position is similar to that of tetrahydrofuran, but it cannot effectively separate amphetamine and methamphetamine.
Chirality and medicinal efficacy:
-We often say that the dextrorotary forms of amphetamine and methamphetamine are more potent, but what exactly is the so-called dextrorotary form? In chemical theory, there are optical left-handed/right-handed and structural left-handed/right-handed respectively, so it is worthless to only describe left-handed/right-handed. After studying a large amount of data, we have completely confirmed that the so-called more effective dextrorotary amphetamine and dextrorotary Rotary methamphetamine, in fact, the official names are (+)S-amphetamine and (+)S-methamphetamine. They are both right-handed in optics, but left-handed in structural chemistry. ; and the less potent left-handed forms are (-)R-amphetamine and (-)R-methylamphetamine, which are optically left-handed but structurally right-handed.
-Academic research data shows that the dose-effect relationship of methamphetamine on serotonin is five times that of amphetamine. Therefore, there is a huge gap in the effectiveness of the two. Amphetamine is almost just a powerful stimulant with a simple stimulant effect. So, heating and smoking amphetamine hydrochloride will only produce a simple feeling of excitement and will not provide the expected experience of methamphetamine.
Data testing of chiral compounds is in progress. We will post the data in the comment area after the testing is completed.
Other:
After experimental verification, after we strictly reproduced the experimental content in (https://bbgate.com/threads/the-simplest-methamphetamine-synthesis-from-amphetamine.1671/), we have proven that using formaldehyde and aluminum amalgam to The scheme of methylating amphetamine to produce methamphetamine is actually not feasible. The output product looks very much like methamphetamine. It cannot directly form a solid when concentrated sulfuric acid is added dropwise to alcohol or petroleum ether. However, after TLC testing, it was found that only about 20% or even less of the amphetamine in the product was actually methylated, and it still contained as much as 70% to 80% amphetamine. This is all because the chemical balance to generate the enamine structure is very weak and aluminum The reduction of amalgam is not selective, and no cost-effective method exists to separate mixtures of amphetamine and methamphetamine. If you perform this method without data verification, you can end up with a "product" that visually looks like a crystal, but that is obviously just something with amphetamine-based ingredients. Below is the TLC data of the experimental results.
Left amphetamine, Middle cross-spot, Right reaction product
-Amphetamine hydrochloride has relatively weak solubility in water and alcohol and is easy to crystallize; its sulfate is almost insoluble in ethanol and isopropyl alcohol and will still precipitate even if boiled.
-The solubility of methamphetamine hydrochloride in water and alcohol is very large, obviously much greater than that of amphetamine. Especially in water, it is difficult to crystallize. When the concentration of the solution is very high, it will appear syrupy and viscous; its sulfate will dissolve in ethanol. It has high solubility like amphetamine sulfate and cannot be directly precipitated as a solid by dropping 98% sulfuric acid into methamphetamine petroleum ether or alcohol solution. This operation of methamphetamine will produce a syrupy consistency layered.
-Whether it is amphetamine or methamphetamine, its salts are almost insoluble in alkane substances such as petroleum ether. However, for methamphetamine salts, the prerequisite for maintaining precipitation in petroleum ether is complete anhydrous dryness. If it contains moisture, the situation will completely change.
-Amphetamine hydrochloride and methamphetamine hydrochloride have certain solubility in dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran.
Moisture content and drying method:
-Although amphetamine and methamphetamine appear to be separated from water, they actually still contain a large amount of water. Desiccant cannot be used to directly dry the methamphetamine oil separated from water, otherwise a large amount of desiccant will be required and serious operations will occur. Trouble and loss of yield because you will find that after you put in a lot of desiccant, the desiccant is still clumping. It is necessary to mix 10 times the volume of petroleum ether into amphetamine or methamphetamine to precipitate most of the water. According to visual inspection, only 200g of methamphetamine can precipitate 20~30ml of water. Use a small amount of desiccant after separation with a separatory funnel. The petroleum ether solution can be completely dried.
Incompatible materials:
-Whether it is amphetamine or methamphetamine, it is a stupid idea to use ethyl acetate or methylene chloride for dissolution, extraction, cleaning, etc. They will react with the amine and cause significant damage, even if the results are not irreversibly bad. , will also seriously affect the purity and flavor. This applies to all amine compounds. Amine does not interact with hydrocarbons such as petroleum ether, benzene, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and ether. Past experiments seem to show that amphetamine and methamphetamine have signs of reaction with tetrahydrofuran.
Stability:
-Amphetamine salts and methamphetamine salts are very stable in the air and almost do not deteriorate. However, amines that do not form salts are easily oxidized in the air and need to be stored with protective gas.
Liquid Chromatography:
The liquid chromatography of amphetamine and methamphetamine has better separation when using 100% tetrahydrofuran as the mobile phase. The Rf value is as follows:
-Amphetamine RF:0.4329
-Methamphetamine RF:0.6137~0.6274
Left Amphetamine Right Methamphetamine
When 100% ethanol or 100% isopropyl alcohol is used as the mobile phase, the position is similar to that of tetrahydrofuran, but it cannot effectively separate amphetamine and methamphetamine.
Chirality and medicinal efficacy:
-We often say that the dextrorotary forms of amphetamine and methamphetamine are more potent, but what exactly is the so-called dextrorotary form? In chemical theory, there are optical left-handed/right-handed and structural left-handed/right-handed respectively, so it is worthless to only describe left-handed/right-handed. After studying a large amount of data, we have completely confirmed that the so-called more effective dextrorotary amphetamine and dextrorotary Rotary methamphetamine, in fact, the official names are (+)S-amphetamine and (+)S-methamphetamine. They are both right-handed in optics, but left-handed in structural chemistry. ; and the less potent left-handed forms are (-)R-amphetamine and (-)R-methylamphetamine, which are optically left-handed but structurally right-handed.
-Academic research data shows that the dose-effect relationship of methamphetamine on serotonin is five times that of amphetamine. Therefore, there is a huge gap in the effectiveness of the two. Amphetamine is almost just a powerful stimulant with a simple stimulant effect. So, heating and smoking amphetamine hydrochloride will only produce a simple feeling of excitement and will not provide the expected experience of methamphetamine.
Data testing of chiral compounds is in progress. We will post the data in the comment area after the testing is completed.
Other:
After experimental verification, after we strictly reproduced the experimental content in (https://bbgate.com/threads/the-simplest-methamphetamine-synthesis-from-amphetamine.1671/), we have proven that using formaldehyde and aluminum amalgam to The scheme of methylating amphetamine to produce methamphetamine is actually not feasible. The output product looks very much like methamphetamine. It cannot directly form a solid when concentrated sulfuric acid is added dropwise to alcohol or petroleum ether. However, after TLC testing, it was found that only about 20% or even less of the amphetamine in the product was actually methylated, and it still contained as much as 70% to 80% amphetamine. This is all because the chemical balance to generate the enamine structure is very weak and aluminum The reduction of amalgam is not selective, and no cost-effective method exists to separate mixtures of amphetamine and methamphetamine. If you perform this method without data verification, you can end up with a "product" that visually looks like a crystal, but that is obviously just something with amphetamine-based ingredients. Below is the TLC data of the experimental results.
Left amphetamine, Middle cross-spot, Right reaction product