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European Drug Report 2021: Trends and Developments
LATEST DATA
At the end of 2020, the EMCDDA was monitoring
around 830 new psychoactive substances, 46 of
which were first reported in Europe in 2020.
Since 2015, every year around 400 previously reported
new psychoactive substances are detected in Europe.
In 2019, EU Member States accounted for 22 070 of
the 34 800 seizures of new psychoactive substances
reported in the European Union, Turkey and Norway.
In 2019, EU Member States reported seizures
amounting to 2.0 tonnes of new psychoactive
substances, mainly powders, or 2.7 tonnes taking
Turkey and Norway into account.
Synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones accounted
for almost 60 % of the number of seizures reported in
2019 by EU Member States, with arylcyclohexylamines
(largely ketamine) accounting for a further 10 %.
A total of 209 new synthetic cannabinoids have been
detected in Europe since 2008, including 11 reported
for the first time in 2020. In 2019, EU Member States
accounted for approximately 6 500 of the 18 700
seizures reported in the European Union, Norway
and Turkey, and 200 of the 900 kilograms seized.
The 67 new synthetic opioids detected between
2009 and 2020 include 10 first reported in 2020.
In 2019, approximately 430 seizures of new opioids
were reported, amounting to 17 kilograms of material.
EU Member States accounted for 1 240 of the 1 334
new benzodiazepines seizures reported in 2019.
Based on data from countries that undertook a survey
between 2015 and 2018, last year prevalence of new
psychoactive substance use among adults (15-64)
ranged from 0.1 % to 1.4 %, with an average of 0.6 %
across the 15 countries with data for this age group.
Among young adults (15-34), last year prevalence
ranged from 0.2 % to 3.2 %, with an average of 1.1 %
across the 12 countries with data.
Twenty-two EU Member States, representing
61.6% of the EU population of 15- to 16-year-olds,
participated in both the 2015 and 2019 ESPAD
school surveys. Among these countries, last year
prevalence of use of new psychoactive substances
among 15- to 16-year-olds in 2015 ranged from 0.8 %
to 8.3 %, with a weighted average of 3.8 %. In 2019,
last year prevalence ranged from 0.6 % to 4.9 %, with
a weighted average of 2.4 %.
Three EMCDDA risk assessments in 2020 addressed
two synthetic cannabinoids, MDMB-4en-PINACA
and 4F-MDMB-BICA (associated with 21 deaths in
Hungary in 2020), and a potent non-fentanyl synthetic
opioid, isotonitazene.
NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES | Harmful potent new
psychoactive substances continue to emerge
Over 400 new psychoactive substances were detected on Europe’s drug market
in 2019. Potent new synthetic cannabinoids and new synthetic opioids continued
to emerge, posing health and social threats. Reports of cannabis adulterated with new
synthetic cannabinoids, such as MDMB-4en-PINACA, being sold to unsuspecting users
highlight the new and potentially growing risks of the inadvertent consumption of these
potent substances. New dosage forms for synthetic cannabinoids, including e-liquids
and impregnated papers, are increasingly available on the drug market.