Introduction
This topic is a summary of most important methods. There are short explanations and links to more detailed themes and manuals, which are described in our forum. Also, you can find here a list of abbreviations mostly used in laboratory practice.
Common laboratory procedures
Laboratory equipment topics- Setting up a laboratory in the house - detailed instruction for creating an underground laboratory with precautions;
- Batch chemical reactor — topic about the most popular chemical reactor in large-scale drug production;
- Rotary evaporator and additional equipment — detailed description of rotary evaporator machine and manual;
- Providing and application of vacuum in a laboratory — important topic about vacuum providing in underground laboratory by cheap and suitable methods;
- Nutsche filter — topic about the large-scale filter for suction filtration, which is used in drug manufacturing;
- Magnetic stirrer — description of the magnetic stirrer and various options for its execution, design, instructions for use;
- Ancillary equipment in laboratory practice — topic about ancillary equipment such as clamps for securing apparatus, tools, thermometers, heating mantles, burners and so one
- Vacuum desiccators — topic about vacuum drying equipment with description and manual;
- Hydrogen Chloride Gas Generators — topic about the simplest laboratory hydrogen (H2) production method without expensive equipment with detailed manual;
- Laboratory glassware — large topic about names of various laboratory glassware, their application with description.
Laboratory manipulations and techniques
- Suction (vacuum) filtration — procedures of filtration of sediment from solution and drying it;
- Distillation and distillation systems — description of distillation apparatuses, techniques of use, manuals with pictured step-by-step procedures;
- Decanting, gravity filtration and liquid transferring — description of basic laboratory techniques with explanations and pictures;
- Inert atmosphere synthesis and distillation — there is manual of inert atmosphere using in organic synthesis and description of apparatuses, which are applicated there;
- Steam Distillation — there is manual of distillation with steam, application, description of apparatuses, which are applicated there;
- Reflux and heating techniques — this topic have reflux technique manual with pictures and detailed description of apparatus;
- Sublimation techniques — here is information about purification technique of solid substances by sublimation with pictured step-by-step manual;
- Column (Flash) Chromatography — there are information about this separation method, detailed manual with number of pictures;
- Laboratory glassware cleaning — this topic collects and presents the most important information about washing glassware;
- Laboratory waste disposal — here you can find important information about illicit laboratory waste disposal, storage, how to do it correctly without superfluous attention.
- Tableting — it is a detailed manual of tablet manufacturing with illicit substances;
- Drug authenticity tests — rapid drug testing manual with test stripes;
- Drugs testing reagents — the most relevant information about checking your drugs by legal simple reagents;
- Melting point determination — total manual about melting point determination of organic substances, which is necessary to approve your synthesis product;
- Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of drugs — this topic contains detailed information about this type of chromatography, with pictured manual and explanations.
Abbreviations and basic terms
- Reflux condenser - a glass tube, with or without a cooling jacket (rarely), which is hermetically connected to the reaction vessel (ground glass, rubber stopper) and returns evaporating liquids to the flask, while ensuring connection with the atmosphere.
- DCM — dichloromethane, aka methylene chloride - a non-polar solvent;
- DMSO — dimethyl sulfoxide - polar aprotic solvent, in a diluted form, is sold in a pharmacy under the name "dimexide";
- THF — tetrahydrofuran — polar aprotic solvent;
- DMF — dimethylformamide - polar aprotic solvent.
- RM — the reaction mixture (reaction mass) - a mixture of substances in a reaction flask.
- Reflux — RM boiling at a boiling temperature with constant volume (evaporating liquid returns, condensing into OH)
- Decant — to drain the liquid from the solid sediment or from another liquid layer.
- Suspend — carefully shake up to a state of suspension (a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation).
- RBF — round bottom flask — usually used for providing reactions;
- M.p. — melting point — the point when a solid substance turn into a liquid phase;
- B.p. — boiling point — the point when a liquid substance turn into a gaseous phase;
- Solubility — the ability of a substance to dissolve in certain solvents;
- TLC — thin-layer chromatography;
- Molecular Weight — mass of substance in g per one mole;
- Distilled water — usual water, which was purified by distillation;
- Glacial acetic acid — concentrated acetic acid with concentration 99%+.
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